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The REALITA Project: a retrospective analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment in light of current standards

Czech version

Authors: Emil Martinka
Authors‘ workplace: Národný endokrinologický a diabetologický ústav, n.o., Ľubochňa
Published in: Forum Diab 2026; 15(1): 52-58
Category:

Overview

Objective: The REALITA project was a retrospective epidemiological survey aimed at analyzing the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in routine clinical practice in Slovakia, with the goal of evaluating the implementation of current therapeutic recommendations and standards. Methods: The survey included 36 diabetology outpatient clinics evenly distributed across Slovakia. In each clinic, data from 30 consecutive patients with T2DM were analyzed. A total of 1 080 patients were included. Collected data comprised demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, comorbidities, cardiovascular and renal risk factors, HbA1c, eGFR, UACR, BMI, and current antidiabetic therapy. Results: The highest proportion of patients was observed in the 61–70 and 71–80 year age groups. The mean duration of diabetes was 11 years. Overweight or obesity was present in 89.5 % of patients. Mean HbA1c was 7.42 %, with more than half of patients having HbA1c above 7 % DCCT. High to very high cardiovascular risk was present in more than 76 % of patients. Metformin remained the most frequently used antidiabetic drug (77.8 %). SGLT2 inhibitors were used in 30.9 % of patients and GLP-1 receptor agonists in 20.1 %. Overall, nearly 48 % of patients were treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and/or GLP-1 receptor agonists. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a high burden of cardiovascular and renal risk among patients with T2DM in routine clinical practice in Slovakia. Although the use of modern cardio-renal protective antidiabetic agents is increasing, a substantial proportion of eligible patients are still not receiving these therapies. Improved detection of chronic kidney disease and heart failure together with better implementation of current treatment guidelines may further improve outcomes in patients with T2DM.

Keywords:

SGLT2 inhibitors – type 2 diabetes mellitus – cardiovascular risk

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